AR follows The Chicago Manual of Style method for document formatting and citation.
Citing and referencing should be rendered using the Chicago style based on “Notes and Bibliographies” system. It consists of in-text referencing by numbered footnotes (full notes and short notes) together with corresponding entries in the bibliography listing the complete sources at the end of the essay/paper.
1. General
1.1 Full Notes and Short notes
In-text referencing can take the form of full notes or short notes. Use the full note the first time you cite the work in your text. For all subsequent mentions of the same work use the short note, this is, author’s last name, title (possibly shortened), pages.
In the footnotes (Full Notes and Short notes) list up to two authors. If there are more than two, name only the first author, followed by et al. If the work has no identifiable author or editor, start the reference note with the title (see detailed instructions below).
When two consecutive notes come from the same source, the word Ibid. or Ibid., page. can be used in the place of the second note.
Footnotes should be numbered consecutively throughout the paper. Only use footnotes, endnotes are not acceptable. Use automatic insertion of footnotes. The footnote number in the text should always be inserted after the punctuation.1
Use double quotation marks for quotations. Punctuation marks e.g. comma or full stop must always be inserted before the closing quotation mark. “Like this.”
When asserting the page range, always use long dash (–) instead of short dash (-) between the numbers (like this: 25–29).
________
1 – Like this.
1.2 Bibliography
Bibliography provide complete source information. It is a full list of all sources referenced in the text. Bibliography entries vary in format according to source type. Formats and examples for common source types are shown below. In the bibliography entries full names of all the authors should be listed. “Et al.” can only be used in case of more than seven authors; in such case list the first seven followed by “et al.” Bibliography list should be arranged alphabetically by authors' last names. Use of DOI is highly encouraged.
1.3 Matching rule
All the references used in the text (full notes and short notes) must have the matching full bibliography record at the final list of bibliography. And inversely, all the entries in the Bibliography list must have a matching full note or short note reference within the text.
The only exception of this rule are unpublished results and personal communications which are not recommended in the bibliography list, but may be mentioned in the text If these references are included in the reference list, they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either ‘Unpublished results’ or ‘Personal communication’.
The extent of sources should reflect a realistic necessity of the presented paper. Please avoid including sources that are not relevant for the work.
2. Formatting
Please, follow precisely and use consistently the detailed formatting described below.
Book
Full note | Author first name last name, Book Title: Subtitle, edition (Place of publication: Publisher, Year), page numbers. |
Short note | Author last name, Shortened Book Title, page number(s). |
Bibliography entry | Author last name, first name. Book Title: Subtitle. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher, Year. DOI |
1. Full note examples
Kevin Lynch, Image of The City (Boston: MIT Press, 1960), 12‒18.
Brian Grazer and Charles Fishman, A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015), 22.
2. Short note examples
Lynch, Image of The City, 12‒18.
Grazer and Fishman, Curious Mind, 22.
3. Bibliography entry examples
Lynch, Kevin. Image of The City. Boston: MIT Press, 1960.
Grazer, Brian and Fishman, Charles. A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015.
Chapter or other part of an edited book
Full note | Author first name last name, “Chapter Title,” in Book Title: Subtitle, ed. Editor full name (Place of publication: Publisher, Year), page number(s). |
Short note | Author last name, “Shortened Chapter Title,” page number(s). |
Bibliography entry | Author last name, first name. “Chapter Title.” In Book Title: Subtitle, edited by Editor first name last name, page range. Place of publication: Publisher, Year. |
1. Full note examples
Frederick Olmsted, “Public Parks and the Enlargement of Towns,” in The Urban Design Reader, eds. Michael Larice, Elizabeth Macdonald (London: Routledge, 2013), 37‒46.
Petra Čeferin, “The Creative Practice of Architecture: Insisting on the In-Between,” in From Modernism to Postmodernism: Between Universal and Local, eds. Katarina Bogunović, Gregor Pompe and Nejc Sukljan (Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2016), 43‒54
2. Short note examples
Olmsted, “Public Parks,” 46.
Čeferin, “The Creative Practice of Architecture,” 49‒51.
3. Bibliography examples
Olmsted, Friderick. “Public Parks and the Enlargement of Towns.” In The Urban Design Reader, edited by Michael Larice and Elizabeth Macdonald, 37‒46. London: Routledge, 2013.
Čeferin, Petra. “The Creative Practice of Architecture: Insisting on the In-Between.” In From Modernism to Postmodernism: Between Universal and Local, edited by Katarina Bogunović, Gregor Pompe and Nejc Sukljan, 43‒54. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2016.
Journal article
Full note | Author first name last name, “Article Title,” Journal Name Volume, no. Issue (Year): page number, DOI/URL. |
Short note | Author last name, “Shortened Title,” page number(s). |
Bibliography entry | Author last name, first name. “Article Title.” Journal Name Volume, no. Issue (Year): Page range. DOI/URL. |
1. Full note examples
Roger Sale and Jane Jacobs, “Thinking about Cities,” The Hudson Review 23 (1970): 171‒182.
Rachel A. Bay et al., “Predicting Responses to Contemporary Environmental Change Using Evolutionary Response Architectures.” American Naturalist 189, no. 5 (2017): 463–743
2. Short note examples
Sale and Jacobs, “Thinking About Cities,” 171‒182.
Bay et al., “Predicting Responses,” 466.
3. Bibliography entry examples
Sale, Roger and Jacobs, Jane. “Thinking About Cities.” The Hudson Review 23 (1970): 171‒182.
Bay, Rachael A., Rose, Noah, Barrett, Rowan, Bernatchez, Luis in Ralph, Peter. “Predicting Responses to Contemporary Environmental Change Using Evolutionary Response Architectures.” American Naturalist 189, no. 5 (2017): 463–473. DOI: 10.1086/691233.
Website content
Full note | Author first name last name (if known), “Page Title,” Website name, Month Day, Year. |
Short note | Author last name (if known), “Shortened Page Title.” |
Bibliography entry | Author last name, first name (if known). “Page Title.” Website name. Month Day, Year. URL. |
1. Full note examples
“Google Privacy Policy 2017,” Google Policies. March 12, 2017.
Jack Caulfield, “How to Do Thematic Analysis,” Scribbr, September 6, 2019.
2. Short note examples
“Google Privacy Policy.”
Caulfield, “Thematic Analysis.”
3. Bibliography entry examples
Google Inc. “Google Privacy Policy.” Google Policies. March 12, 2017. http://www.google.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html.
Caulfield, Jack. “How To Do Thematic Analysis.” Scribbr. September 6, 2019. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/thematic-analysis/.
News or magazine article
Articles from newspapers or news sites, magazines, blogs, and the like are cited similarly. Page numbers, if any, can be cited in a note but are omitted from a bibliography entry. If you consulted the article online, include a URL or the name of the database and date accessed.
Full note | Author full name, “Title of Article,” Title of Newspaper, Month Day, Year. |
Short note | Author last name, “Shortened Title,” page number(s). |
Bibliography entry | Author last name, first name. “Article Title.” Title of Newspaper Month Day, Year. URL (accesed Month Day, Year) |
1. Full note examples
Sandra Blake, “Evolution of Building Design,” New York Times, October 7, 2003
2. Short note examples
Blake, “Evolution of Building Design.”
3. Bibliography entry examples
Blake, Sandra. “Evolution of Building Design.” New York Times. October 7, 2003. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/15/t-magazine/spring-design-architecture.html?searchResultPosition=2 (accessed May 9, 2005)
Thesis or dissertation
Full note | Author first name last name, “Title of thesis: Subtitle,” (Thesis type, Publisher, Year), page number(s). |
Short note | Author last name, Shortened Title, page number(s). |
Bibliography entry | Author full name. “Title of thesis: Subtitle.” Thesis type. Publisher, Year. |
1. Full note examples
Cynthia Lillian Rutz, “King Lear and Its Folktale Analogues,” (PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2013), 99–100.
2. Short note examples
Rutz, “King Lear,” 158.
3. Bibliography entry examples
Rutz, Cynthia Lillian. “King Lear and Its Folktale Analogues.” PhD diss. University of Chicago, 2013.
Personal communications
Unpublished personal communications are not recommended in the bibliography list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list, they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either ‘Unpublished results’ or ‘Personal communication’.
Other
For any other, more complex types of sources, use formatting suggestions given here The Chicago Manual of Style (Chapter 14): http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide/citation-guide-1.html